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Stem succulent
Stem succulents are fleshy succulent columnar shaped plants which conduct photosynthesis mainly through stems not leaves.〔Frerea indica, a Stem Succulent CAM Plant with Deciduous C₃ Leaves, Otto L. Lange and Margit Zuber, Oecologia, Vol. 31, No. 1 (1977), pp. 67-72, Published by: Springer, ()〕〔(Stem Succulent, Encyclopædia Britannica )〕〔(Stem Succulents, Map of Life )〕 They are related by form, but not by evolution.〔〔 They evolved to have similar forms and physiological characteristics by convergent evolution.〔〔 Examples are tall thin ''Euphorbias'' from deserts and arid regions southern African and Madagascar, similarly shaped cacti from North America and South America, which occupy a similar evolutionary niche, and members of two genera of the family Asclepiadaceae (''Hoodia'' and ''Stapelia'').〔 Shared features are a succulent stem that stores water and conducts photosynthesis, protective spines or thorns, no leaves (or highly reduced leaves), and use of CAM photosynthetisis (an opening of stomata and fixing CO2 almost exclusively at night).〔〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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